The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution Research Paper

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution - Research Paper Example Advancements and reforms were also evident, the society being encouraged to adhere to the law. This made it possible for people to trade without fearing fraud or breaches of business agreements. Capitalism was also encouraged, and this led to the growth of the economy and industries – to the revolution in the economy. The 18th century transition from the economies based on manual labor and draft animals to a more machine manufacturing system changed the speed and quality of goods produced3. Textile was a crucial commodity during this period, and mechanization of the textile industry and steel manufacturing and the increasing use of refined coal bolstered productivity of the existent industries. With the production of more goods at a faster and more efficient rate, there was a need for the creation of a transportation system to complement these developments. Transport networks, including the railway, canals and roads, were enhanced. This facilitated for the movement of goods fr om the industries to markets, expanding the economy. With the expansion of industries, the economy shifted from agriculture and became more inclined towards industries. This led to the resettlement of individuals to the industrial centers and, consequently, the creation of urban settlements4. The use of machinery during production enabled manufacturers to produce identical goods, which were precisely made and were cheaper. For instance, gun parts were previously uniquely made to fit one gun, so they could not be reused on another. The use of machinery enabled manufacturers to duplicate the parts, making them fit in any gun of its type and making... This report approves that housing was a social problem during the industrial revolution. The living conditions in the era were significantly contrasting between the classes. The factory owners and wealthy industrialists lived in regal quarters with luxurious accommodation. This, however, was not the situation for the poor workers who lived in pathetic conditions of squalor . The influx of workers put a strain in the available amenities, leading to the formation of slums in the industrial regions . This was characterized by poorly constructed houses to accommodate the workers in the new industrial centers. The people lived in cramped regions in housing units that were inhumanely small. They were also required to share toilet facilities. The workers lived in dirty environments, and the hygienic conditions were unimaginable poor. This paper makes a conclusion that the industrial revolution was a significant occurrence in the history of humankind. This is because the event changed the social, economic and political situation globally and its impact is evident in the contemporary world. The advent of industrialization led to the migration of people to the industrial centers and, consequently, to the creation of cities. The changes, however, led to social challenges, which included housing for the workers, child labor and other social problems. These social changes have played a significant role in shaping the social situation of the modern world.

An evaluation of the agricultural green revolution Essay

An evaluation of the agricultural green revolution - Essay Example Green revolution has been a blessing until recent years when the negative impact of these technologies has emerged. This paper discusses the concept of green revolution, its benefits and risks of this technology. Food security has been an issue of concern in many of the developing countries. In fact it can be said that the problems related to food security have been a major cause of concern to mankind. In the past the food needs of growing populations were met especially by expanding the cultivated area. There were farming communities that cultivated in a particular place for few years and then later abandon the land for several years. However, as the most fertile land became scarce, researchers and agriculturists found that expansion of agricultural land for increasing production was not a good option for the future years. Further expansion meant bringing poorer and lower yielding land into cultivation. Hence it was found in 1960s that the present levels of production cannot sustain the population and maintaining food production per capita was a challenging task (Evenson, N.D). The Green Revolution came as a boon to mankind and was a major turning point in agriculture. It helped to increase the food production predominantly by getting better strains of wheat, rice, maize and other cereals in the 1960s. The revolution as such began in 1945 when the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government established the Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program to improve the agricultural output. Dr Norman Borlaug is the father of green revolution and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for developing this technology (Parks, N.D.). Green revolution is the breeding of new plant varieties and the application of modern agricultural techniques such as use of chemical fertilizers, irrigation, use of heavy machinery and control of pests and diseases using synthetic pesticides. Probably without the use of Green Revolution technologies the basic food requirements of the world's current population would not have been possible. This technology is responsible for saving almost a billion human lives from starvation (Easterbrook, 1997). Green revolution technologies along with its gains also brought about several economic and ecological problems. Food security being one of the most important issues concerning mankind, the further increase in food production should be addressed with caution in the coming years. Benefits of Green Revolution The adoption of HYVs occurred quickly because farmers and researchers found a good yield from these varieties when compared to the traditional varieties. By 1970, about 20 percent of the wheat area and 30 percent of the rice area in developing countries were planted with the HYVs, and by 1990, the share had increased to about 70 percent for both crops which produced good yield. In fact it can be said that the basic yields of rice and wheat almost doubled. For instance, Mexico a country that adopted green revolution went from having to import half its wheat to self-sufficiency by 1956 and, by 1964, to exporting half a million tons of

Ideology Of Mahatma Gandhi And Subhas Chandra History Essay

Ideology Of Mahatma Gandhi And Subhas Chandra History Essay In January 1915, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to his homeland after two decades of residence abroad. These years had been spent for the most part in South Africa, where he went as a lawyer, and in time became a leader of the Indian community in that territory. As the historian Chandran Devanesan has remarked, South Africa was the making of the Mahatma. It was in South Africa that Mahatma Gandhi first forged the distinctive techniques of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ violent protest known as Satyagraha, first promoted harmony between religions, and alerted the ways of upperà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ caste Indians to their discriminatory treatment of low castes and women. The India that Mahatma Gandhi saw when he came back in 1915 was rather different from the one that he had seen in 1893. Although still a colony of the British, it was far more active in a political sense. The Indian National Congress now had branches in most major cities and towns. Through the Swadeshi movement of 1905à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 0 7 it had greatly broadened its appeal among the middle classes. That movement had thrown up some towering leaders among them Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra, Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal, and Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab. The three were known as Lal, Bal and Pal, the alliteration conveying the allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ India character of their struggle, since their native provinces were very distant from one another. Where these leaders advocated militant opposition to colonial rule, there was a group of Moderates who preferred a more gradual and persuasive approach. Among these Moderates were Gandhijis acknowledged political mentor, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, as well as Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who, like Gandhiji, was a lawyer of Gujarati extraction trained in London. On Gokhales advice, Gandhiji spent a year travelling around British India, getting to know the land and its people. 1.1. The Making and Unmaking of Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation Mahatma Gandhi spent much of the year 1917 in Champaran, seeking to obtain for the peasants the security of tenure as well as the freedom to cultivate the crops of their choice. The following year, 1918, Gandhiji was involved in two campaigns in his home state of Gujarat. First, he intervened in a labour dispute in Ahmedabad, demanding better working conditions for the textile mill workers. Then he joined peasants in Kheda in asking the state for the remission of taxes following the failure of their harvest. These initiatives in Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda marked Gandhiji out as a nationalist with a deep sympathy for the poor. At the same time, these were all localised struggles. Then, in 1919, the colonial rulers delivered into Gandhijis lap an issue from which he could construct a much wider movement. During the Great War of 1914à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 18, the British had instituted censorship of the press and permitted detention without trial. Now, on the recommendation of a committee chaired by Sir Sidney Rowlatt, these tough measures were continued. In response, Gandhiji called for a countrywide campaign against the Rowlatt Act. In towns across North and West India, life came to a standstill, as shops shut down and schools closed in response to the bandh call. The protests were particularly intense in the Punjab, where many men had served on the British side in the War expecting to be rewarded for their service. Instead, they were detained on the Rowlatt Act and Gandhiji was arrested whi le proceeding to Punjab, even thought he was a prominent local Congressmen. The situation in the province grew progressively more tense, reaching a bloody climax in Amritsar in April 1919, when a British Brigadier ordered his troops to open fire on a nationalist meeting. More than four hundred people were killed in what is known as the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It was the Rowlatt satyagraha that made Gandhiji a truly national leader. Emboldened by its success, Gandhiji called for a campaign of nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation with British rule. Indians who wished colonialism to end were asked to stop attending schools, colleges and law courts, and not pay taxes. In total, they were asked to adhere to a renunciation of (all) voluntary association with the (British) Government. If non-cooperation was effectively carried out, remarked Gandhiji, India would win swaraj within a year. To broaden the struggle further, he had joined hands with the Khilafat Movement that sought to restore the Caliphate, a symbol of Panà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Islamism which had recently been abolished by the Turkish ruler Kemal Attaturk. 1.2. Khilafat Movement Gandhiji hoped that by coupling nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation with Khilafat, Indias two major religious communities, Hindus and Muslims, could collectively bring an end to the colonial rule. These movements certainly unleashed a surge of popular action that was altogether unprecedented in colonial India. Students stopped going to schools and colleges run by the government. Lawyers refused to attend court and the working class went on strike in many towns and cities. According to official figures, there were 396 strikes in 1921, involving 600,000 workers and a loss of seven million workdays. The countryside was seething with discontent too. Hill tribes in northern Andhra violated the forest laws. Farmers in Awadh did not pay taxes. Peasants in Kumaun refused to carry loads for colonial officials. These protest movements were sometimes carried out in defiance of the local nationalist leadership. Peasants, workers, and others interpreted and acted upon the call to nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ coop erate with colonial rule in ways that best suited their interests, rather than conform to the dictates laid down from above. Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation, wrote Mahatma Gandhis American biographer Louis Fischer, became the name of an epoch in the life of India and of Gandhiji. Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation was negative enough to be peaceful but positive enough to be effective. It entailed denial, renunciation, and selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ discipline. It was training for selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ rule. As a consequence of the Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Cooperation Movement the British Raj was shaken to its very foundations for the first time since the Revolt of 1857. 1.3. A Peoples Leader By 1922, Gandhiji had transformed Indian nationalism, thereby redeeming the promise he made in his BHU speech of February 1916. It was no longer a movement of professionals and intellectuals; now, hundreds of thousands of peasants, workers and artisans also participated in it. Many of them venerated Gandhiji, referring to him as their Mahatma. They appreciated the fact that he dressed like them, lived like them, and spoke their language. Unlike other leaders he did not stand apart from the common folk, but empathised and even identified with them. 1.4. The Salt Satyagraha For several years after the Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation Movement ended, Mahatma Gandhi focused on his social reform work. In 1928, however, he began to think of reà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ entering politics. That year there was an allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ India campaign in opposition to the allà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ White Simon Commission, sent from England to enquire into conditions in the colony. Gandhiji did not himself participate in this movement, though he gave his blessings, but, he also performed a peasant satyagraha in Bardoli in the same year. In the end of December 1929, the Congress held its annual session in the city of Lahore. The meeting was significant for two things: the election of Jawaharlal Nehru as President, signifying the passing of the baton of leadership to the younger generation; and the proclamation of commitment to Purna Swaraj, or complete independence. Now the pace of politics picked up once more. On 26 January 1930, Independence Day was observed, with the national flag being h oisted in different venues, with patriotic songs being sung. Gandhiji himself issued precise instructions as to how the day should be observed. It would be good, he said, if the declaration [of Independence] is made by whole villages, whole cities even It would be well if all the meetings were held at the identical minute in all the places. 1.5. Dandi Soon after the observance of this Independence Day, Mahatma Gandhi announced that he would lead a march to break one of the most widely disliked laws in British India, which gave the state a monopoly in the manufacture and sale of salt. His picking on the salt monopoly was another illustration of Gandhijis tactical wisdom. For in every Indian household, salt was indispensable; yet people were forbidden from making salt even for domestic use, compelling them to buy it from shops at a high price. The state monopoly over salt was deeply unpopular; by making it his target, Gandhiji hoped to mobilise a wider discontent against British rule. As with Nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ cooperation, apart from the officially sanctioned nationalist campaign, there were numerous other streams of protest. Across large parts of India, peasants breached the hated colonial forest laws that kept them and their cattle out of the woods in which they had once roamed freely. In some towns, factory workers went on strike while lawyers boycotted British courts and students refused to attend governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ run educational institutions. As in 1920à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 22, Gandhijis new call had encouraged Indians of all classes to manifest their own discontent with the colonial rule. The rulers responded by detaining the dissenters. In the wake of the Salt March, nearly 60,000 Indians were arrested, among them, of course, Gandhiji himself. 1.6. Quit India Quit India was genuinely a mass movement, bringing into its ambit hundreds of thousands of ordinary Indians. It especially energized the young who, in very large numbers, left their colleges to go to jail. However, while the Congress leaders languished in jail, Jinnah and his colleagues in the Muslim League worked patiently at expanding their influence. It was in these years that the League began to make a mark in the Punjab and Sind, provinces where it had previously had scarcely any presence. In June 1944, with the end of the war in sight, Gandhiji was released from prison. Later that year he held a series of meetings with Jinnah, seeking to bridge the gap between the Congress and the League. In 1945, a Labour government came to power in Britain and committed itself to granting independence to India. Meanwhile, back in India, the Viceroy, Lord Wavell, brought the Congress and the League together for a series of talks. Early in 1946 fresh elections were held to the provincial legisl atures. The Congress swept the General category, but in the seats specifically reserved for Muslims the League won an overwhelming majority. The political polarization was just complete. 2. Subhas Chandra Boses Ideology 2.1. Women Equality Subhas Chandra Bose imbibed the ideals of his political mentor, Deshabandhu Chitta Ranjan and spiritual mentor, Swami Vivekananda in regard to female education and female emancipation and used to cite the examples of noble and scholarly women of ancient India like Maitreyee, Gargee, Khana and Lilabatee. Bose wanted that women should be given a very elevated position in the family and society, and believed in female emancipation in the true sense of the term and in liberating women from all shackles and artificial disabilities social, economic and political. According to him, in the Free India, there must not be any discrimination on the grounds of caste, race, sex, creed or wealth. The glorified role played by women in the Indian national struggle, especially during the Civil Disobedience Movement with undaunted bravery and exemplary spirit of sacrifice, shaped his attitude towards women. The love and affection and help he received from few women, especially his own mother Prabhabati Devi, C.R. Dass ideal consort Basanti Devi and Sarat Chandra Boses wife Bibhabati Devi had enormous influence in shaping his views about women. Subhas Chandra Bose rightly diagnosed that illiteracy and economic dependence were the root cause of serfdom of women. Bose spoke firmly in favour of removing all obstacles in the way of womens emancipation. He spoke in favour of all-round education for women for which he formulated a recipe which included literacy, physical and vocational education or training on light Cottage Industries. He was a supporter of widow remarriage and abolition of Purdah system. 2.2. Unique Political Ideology The political philosophy of Subhas Chandra Bose requires an enunciation and analysis from the angles of his spiritualistic, nationalistic, secularistic, democratic and socialistic characteristics. Spiritualistic Characteristics: A spiritual approach of his life was originally initiated under the influence of his deeply religious parents. Subsequently, his searching mind, right from his school days could explore out the meaning, significance and objectives of human life when he came in contact with the teachings, writings and philosophy of Ramkrishna Paramahansa, Swami Vivekananda and Sri Aurobindo Ghose. Nationalistic Characteristics: Subhas Chandra Boses father was a government pleader and Public Prosecutor and became a member of the Bengal Legislative Council and earned the title of Rai Bahadur, but he resigned from the said post and renounced the title of Rai Bahadur as a protest against the repressive policies of the British Government. Secularistic Characteristics: Bose believed that secularism is not irreligion or atheism but tolerance of each-others faith, mutual accommodation and peaceful co-existence. It involves spiritual consciousness and establishment of contact with the divine. Subhass philosophy of nationalism acquired a spiritual tenor under the influence of his parents, Ramakrishna, Vivekananda and Aurobindo. Socialistic Characteristics In his Free India, Subhas Chandra Bose had the aim of creating an egalitarian society in which all members would enjoy almost equal economic benefits and social status, and there would not be any distinction between man and man on account of accident of birth, parentage, caste and creed. Democratic Characteristics Subhas Chandra Bose developed an ethical approach to life based on sacrifice, renunciation, self-abnegation and self sacrifice which is in a way the core of a democratic way of life. These ethical and spiritual ideals contributed to his formulation of a political philosophy in consistence with Indian culture and civilisation. The big joint family taught him love, generosity, kindness, patience, tolerance, co-operation and sympathy, the very ingredients of democracy. 2.3. Economic View According to Subhas, liberty broadly signified political, economic and social freedom. For him economic freedom was the essence of social and political freedom. Subhas Chandra Bose bravely fought for Indias independence but this independence was also an economic necessity for him. He said, The problem of giving bread to our starving millions the problem of clothing and educating them the problem of improving the health and physique of the nation all these problems cannot be solved so long as India remains in bondage. To think of economic improvement and industrial development before India is free; politically is to put the cart before the horse. According to him the appalling poverty, high incident of unemployment and low standard of living were due to the foreign domination. In view of all this he desired economic reconstruction and industrialization on modern scientific and technological methods. Subhas Chandra Bose said, The moment India is free, the most important problem will be the organizing of our national defence in order to safeguard our freedom in the future. For that we shall have to build up modern war industries; so that, we may produce the arms that we shall need for self-defence. This will mean a very big programme of industrialization. He felt the necessity of modernizing the backward agriculture which in turn would aggravate the problem of disguised unemployment and to remedy this development of industry would be indispensable to absorb the surplus labour from agriculture. He was much impressed by the exemplary success attained by the U.S.S.R. in effecting economic development through rapid industrialization within a very short period of time, and became a staunch protagonist for similar forced march like Soviet Union and not a gradual one as in Great Britain. Subhas Chandra Bose classified industries into three categories, namely Large- Scale or Heavy Industr ies, Medium-Scale and Cottage Industries. According to him, heavy industries are important for rapid economic development. In the category of Large-Scale Industries, mother industries produce the means of production or make other industries run successfully and these are metals, heavy chemicals, machinery and tools, and communication industries like railways, telegraph, telephone and radio. He was very much in favour of large-scale industries but at the same time he never lost sight of cottage and small industries in an underdeveloped country like India. 3. Comparison between Mahatma Gandhi Bose Ideology Both Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi were infallibly dedicated to the cause of Indian freedom. They were loved by the masses and feared by the Raj. But between themselves, these two icons of Indias freedom movement shared a rather frosty relationship and history is replete with instances of trenchant differences between them. Although Subhas Chandra was a follower of Gandhi during the initial days, the later part of the 1930s witnessed a growing radicalization of his thoughts and Bose became increasingly frustrated with the lack of momentum in the independence movement. As Bose started to assert his bold stance in various party forums, it led to a polarization in the Congress party ranks. Bose found himself frequently at loggerheads with Gandhi and their differences often came out in the public. All these bickering reached a climax when Subhas Chandra Bose became Congress President for a second term in 1939 defeating Gandhi-nominated candidate Pattabhi Sitaramayya. Unable to hide his displeasure, Mahatma commented Subhas victory is my defeat. But this unhealthy environment within the party made Boses tasks all the more difficult and soon he resigned from his post. Subhas Chandra Bose and Gandhi also disagreed over their visions for the post-Independence Indian state. Bose was influenced by the success of the five-year plans in the Soviet Union and he advocated for a socialist nation with an industrialized economy. Gandhi was opposed to the very concept of industrialization. In spite of all the differences in ideologies, both these great men admired and respected each other. In 1942 Gandhi called Subhash Bose the Prince among the Patriots for his great love for the country. Bose too admired Gandhi and in a radio broadcast from Rangoon in 1944, he called Mahatma Gandhi The Father of Our Nation.

A Comparison Between The Works Of Amedeo Modigliani And Jacques Villon :: essays research papers

Italian-born Cubist painter, Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920) and the French, Jacques Villon (1875-1963), both painted vibrant and expressive portraits during the early twentieth-century. In this case, the chosen portraits are Modigliani's "Portrait of Mrs. Hastings", 1915 and Villon's "Mme. Fulgence", 1936. Both of these compositions are portraits. Nothing is of more importance than the sitter herself. The female sitter in Modigliani's piece, sits in an almost dizzying pose with a twist in her elongated neck (a Modigliani trademark), a stylized and mask-like head and a columnar neck. All of which give the sitter a blank and ashen expression. She looks at the viewer, head-on with a most piercing air in her eyes. In Villon's case, his female sitter has been created solely with the use of layered colours and a very random synthetist outline technique (a similar technique the post-impressionist painter Gaugin used). Modigliani outlines his figure moreso in black than Villon. Mme. Fulgence's age is understood by the strong dynamic colour quality that has been used to break her face apart. In a way, these colourful divisions act as wrinkles. For instance, the chunk of layered pink on her lip creates a scowl and the heavily applied white on her nose helps it to seem upright; a 'snobbish' upturn. Colours such as the orange, have been used to highlight her left cheek and only visible ear. With these effects, the viewer sees Mme. Fulgence as a very proper and'posh' (if you will) woman. Bitterness is only a common linkage with the other attributes. Modigliani's Hastings on the other hand seems to be an intense woman of a compassionate nature. Both of these pieces have relied heavily on the expressive and wild use of colour to create emotional expressions and unerring form. Both of these portraits are created using oil paints--Modigliani's on cardboard and Villon's on canvas. The most important element that draws their work away from the mainstream is their heavy application of paint. Although they both apply their colour liberally, Modigliani's strokes are thick, jagged, and for the most part random. His brushstrokes are also particularly long, whereas Villon's are short and brief. Modigliani uses monochromatic hues of red to create the prominent colour of the piece and like Villon, he has used a very vague background to express the importance of his sitter. Colour is of equal importance in both pieces as it draws the viewer in and allows the viewer's eyes to be brought around the piece. Modigliani has split his background from top to bottom, using red and strokes of burnt sienna at first, then an auburn and deeper red for the bottom.

Social and Economic Effects of the Global Flow of Silver

China, Spain, and Europe affected the global flow of silver from the sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, socially and economically. China affected the global flow of silver socially and economically. (Doc. ’s 1,3,5,7) In Document 1, the author believes that a frugal man with only one bar of silver can pay for his wedding and still have something left over, but an extravagant man can have thousands and still not have enough. The author feels this way because of his bias towards limiting wedding expenses as a county official. From this once could infer, that county officials during this time period did not care much for large, extravagant weddings because they thought them to be a waste of valuable silver. An additional document such as a farmer’s journal containing his views on wedding expenses would help one better understand a common person’s views on the issue. In Document 3, the author is writing a report to the Ming emperor about the lowering grain prices and scarcity of silver coins. Low grain production led to tillers of land receiving lower returns on the their labors, and less land being put into cultivation, thereby disrupting the economic flow of silver for labor or goods. This is important because it shows the dependence China’s economy put on silver. Document 5 describes the change in China’s economy. In the past, customers would trade livestock, food, or other goods in exchange for dyed clothes. In 1610, customers receive a bill which must be paid with silver. The author believes that silver has more value than the goods traded in the past, which is described in the author’s essay, â€Å"The Changing Times. The author feels this way because of the economy transformation from a barter economy to a money-based economy. In Document 7, the author believes that the 1626 ban of foreign trade should be repealed. The author feels this way because Spain is a foreign trade country that has large amounts of silver and pays elaborately for potte ry works and other goods that come from China. From this one could infer that the author might have been a merchant who wants the ban lifted to acquire wealth in silver from Spain.

Ethical Fashion Essay

Presessional Academic English Programme 2010 Unconditional What role,if any,does ethics play in the fashion/design industry? Ethical fashion means fashion which takes into consideration the people behind the clothes we wear,as well as the environment. When you buy some clothes, you may not consider twice about where it was originally made,by whom and under what conditions. These days people like fast fashion. Fast fashion means fashion that is fast. In other word, these clothes adapt to the latest trends quickly. It gives people satisfaction using their mentality that they want to bargain.However, we should think how can they be sold with a cheap price. Maybe fast fashion helps to boost fashion industry in a short time but It has a lot of side effects environmentally. (How to write a meaning of ethical fashion is clearly outlined in this site: http://www. fairfashion. info/de/what. html) At first, fast fashion absolutely causes pollution. In a process of manufacture, making cotton ha s an effect on using vast amount of chemicals and water. For example, The Aral Sea has begun to under-go a process of desertification. Growing cotton is one of the main reason of Aral’s loss.In addition, Pesticides have used 54% annually in India which is one of the largest cotton farm. Perilous pesticides associated with the cotton production make a water pollution. Moreover, Child labourers are exposed on the risk of pesticides through participation in cotton production. That is why it is important to keep a slow fashion(opposite of fast fashion)in our life. (Environmental Justice Foundation(n. d. ). Pesticides and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. org/page332. html) (Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Water and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. rg/page334. html) Secondly, fast fashion also damages labor environment. The power of sweatshop still exist everywhere in the world. They have no regard for worker’s rights. It happens n ot only Indian workers but also Latino workers. For instance, Aracely who is immigrant from spain has worked in the sweatshops of Los Angeles. She should know the language but this is a luxury for her. She earns only $80 in week averagely. It can’t be stretched into a living wage. When Aracely and her co-workers asked for time off on Good Friday to attend church, the owner said : â€Å"Does God give you money?If you don’t want to work,just tell me. I will find others. † They look like exactly â€Å"modern slavery†. (Mort. J. (n. d. ). Sweatshop workers speak out. In Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat. ) (Chamberlain. G. (2010) Revealed: Gap,Next and M&S. The guardian. The observer. 8th of August. ) In Conclusion, these reason are enough to explain how many problem fast fashion has. Fast fashion impacts to circumstances and other people who works for fashion industry socially. The fashion industry does not need to be this way. Recently, many companies a re trying to find ways to produce eco-friendly clothes.In addition, shopper called the Green Sumer increases steadily. Although it is to hard that fashion consumers give up to bargain, we also can do a lot by taking more ethical approach. This is a good way to go for fashion industry now and for ever. Presessional Academic English Programme 2010 Unconditional Ethical Fashion A sample of British designer Mark Liu's ‘zero waste fashion. ‘ /Courtesy of Gyeonggi Museum of Modern Art Presessional Academic English Programme 2010 Unconditional Bibliography http://www. fairfashion. info/de/what. html http://www. ethicalfashionforum. com http://www. jfoundation. org/ Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Pesticides and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. org/page332. html Environmental Justice Foundation. (n. d. ). Water and Cotton. Retrieved from http://www. ejfoundation. org/page334. html Orexca. com. (n. d). The History of the Aral Sea. Retrieved from http:/ /www. orexca. com/aral_sea. shtml Chamberlain. G. (2010) Revealed: Gap,Next and M. The guardian. The observer. 8th of August. Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat. Mort. J. (n. d. ). Sweatshop workers speak out. In Ross. A. (Ed. ). (May,1997). No Sweat.